{"id":4858,"date":"2024-02-12T08:00:14","date_gmt":"2024-02-12T08:00:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.keplerkarst.com\/?p=4858"},"modified":"2024-06-06T09:57:48","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T09:57:48","slug":"doing-business-in-spain-vi-shareholders-rights-attendance-at-shareholders-meetings-and-voting","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.keplerkarst.com\/en\/doing-business-in-spain-vi-shareholders-rights-attendance-at-shareholders-meetings-and-voting\/","title":{"rendered":"Doing Business in Spain &#8211; VI. Shareholders\u2019 rights: attendance and voting at shareholders\u2019 meetings."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>What are the shareholders\u2019 rights in a company?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In any company, all types of shareholders are entitled to a series of rights. Article 93 of the Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010, dated July 2nd, approving the amended and restated text of the Capital Companies Act (&#8220;TRLSC&#8221;), contains a list of rights of significant relevance in the corporate world. However, for the purposes of this article we will focus on <\/span><b>the right to attend and vote in shareholders\u2019 meetings<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>What are the shareholders\u2019 rights in an S.L. and an S.A.?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The conditions under which the right to attend and vote is exercised differs depending on whether dealing with Limited Liability Companies (S.L.) or Public Limited Companies (S.A.). The characteristics of each regime are analysed below.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shareholders\u2019 rights in an S.L.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Limited Liability Companies (S.L.), Article 198 of the TRLSC contains the general rule, stating that resolutions require <\/span><b>a majority of the votes validly cast to be adopted<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Partners, in their capacity as such, can attend the meetings. It is indicated that <\/span><b>these must represent at least one-third of the total shares<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> into which the share capital is divided.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, <\/span><b>certain cases require a qualified majority<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> for the resolution to be validly adopted:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Simply majority: capital increases and\/or reductions, as well as amendments to the Articles of Association; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two thirds (66 2\/3): authorization of directors\u2019 specific activities, suppression or limitation of pre-emptive rights in capital increases, transformations, mergers, spin-offs, significant transfer of assets and liabilities, as well as the exclusion of shareholders.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Shareholders\u2019 rights in an S.A.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For Public Limited Companies (S.A.), Article 193 of the TRLSC stipulates that a <\/span><b>certain percentage of the share capital must be present<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> at the meeting for it to be validly constituted. Every shareholder has the right to attend meetings.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regarding quorum requirements, the TRLSC establishes:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the first call, <\/span><b>shareholders holding at least 25% of the subscribed share capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with voting rights, or the percentage determined for this purpose in the articles of association if different, are required to be present; and&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">on the second call, the meeting shall be constituted with the <\/span><b>percentage of the share capital that has actually attended the meeting<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or when the figure specified in the articles of association is reached, provided that this figure is lower than those established for the first call.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, like Limited Liability Companies (S.L.), <\/span><b>for a Public Limited Company (S.A.) to validly adopt resolutions on certain matters<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, a <\/span><b>higher or &#8220;reinforced&#8221; quorum <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is required, as referred to and regulated by Article 194 of the TRLSC. Specifically, these matters include:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">capital increases and\/or reductions;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articles of association amendments;&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bond issuances;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">suppression or limitation of the right of pre-emptive acquisition of new shares; and,<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">transformations, mergers, spin-offs, or significant transfer of assets and liabilities.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resolutions related to any of the aforementioned matters shall require, at the first call, the attendance of shareholders <\/span><b>holding at least 50% of the subscribed and voting share capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, or <\/span><b>at least a percentage equivalent to 25% of the share capital<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in the event that the meeting is held at the second call. It is important to note that these percentages may be increased by the articles of association.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-4\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.keplerkarst.com\/en\/team\/eduardo-frutos\/\"><strong>Eduardo Frutos<\/strong><br><\/a>Parter<br>E: <a href=\"mailto:efrutos@keplerkarst.com\">efrutos@keplerkarst.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>Miranda Gonz\u00e1lez<br><\/strong>Legal Trainee<br>E: <a href=\"mailto:mgonzalez@keplerkarst.com\">mgonzalez@keplerkarst.com<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Access the Spanish version <a href=\"https:\/\/www.keplerkarst.com\/doing-business-in-spain-vi-derechos-de-los-socios-asistencia-y-voto\/\">here<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are the shareholders\u2019 rights in a company? In any company, all types of shareholders are entitled to a series of rights. Article 93 of the Royal Legislative Decree 1\/2010, dated July 2nd, approving the amended and restated text of the Capital Companies Act (&#8220;TRLSC&#8221;), contains a list of rights of significant relevance in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":4861,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":""},"categories":[840,893],"tags":[813,825,839,828,829,843,830],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Doing Business in Spain - VI. 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